名師指點(diǎn)：考研英語(yǔ)新題型淺析_跨考網(wǎng)

　　考研英語(yǔ)新題型淺析(七選五)

　　唐宇

　　鑒于該項(xiàng)目的不確定性和不可預(yù)測(cè)性，在該項(xiàng)目上無(wú)需投入過(guò)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間和過(guò)多的精力，并且鑒于該部分提供了三種備選題型，復(fù)習(xí)中也難于有的放矢。從2005，2006兩年真題來(lái)看，試題仍選擇的是7選5。因此基于歷年真題，對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)新題型的思路和技巧做一下分析，希望能對(duì)大家備考2007年考研英語(yǔ)起到拋磚引玉的效用，不足之處，還望見(jiàn)諒。

　　大綱要求：主要考查考生對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。從大綱要求來(lái)看，介紹非常簡(jiǎn)略，因此可以認(rèn)為選擇搭配題是對(duì)考生閱讀能力考查的一種補(bǔ)充，旨在從語(yǔ)篇銜接角度考查考生銜接文章的能力(題型1、2)，或是從語(yǔ)篇理解角度考查考生概括段落大意或是理解段落內(nèi)容的能力(題型3)。

　　應(yīng)試分析：解決選擇搭配題，技巧可長(zhǎng)篇大論，也可言簡(jiǎn)意賅。與其我們追求紛繁的技巧，不如靜心分析一下究竟該題型側(cè)重考查的方面?；趯?duì)語(yǔ)段特征和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解的題型，不要求我們像在其他項(xiàng)目中對(duì)詞匯語(yǔ)法等細(xì)節(jié)處進(jìn)行分析，而在于如何迅速而準(zhǔn)確地把握語(yǔ)段的主體概念。因此，選擇搭配題的解題中心思路就在于明確文中語(yǔ)段和選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)段的主體概念，繼而通過(guò)尋找文中語(yǔ)段和選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)段主體概念的搭配，從備選項(xiàng)中篩選可能選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)一步排除從而得出正確答案。

　　另一方面，和確定主體概念具有等同效果的是確定特殊細(xì)節(jié)，諸如時(shí)間、人名、專有名詞等，也可以確定選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)的可能位置和順序。

　　操作步驟：

　　下面以2006年真題為例，說(shuō)明以上內(nèi)容在具體應(yīng)試過(guò)程中的操作。

　　On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.

　　He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.

　　(41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

　　In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.

　　(42) ______________.

　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.

　　(43) ______________.

　　The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

　　(44) ______________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

　　(45) ______________.

　　Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on——you might say addicted to——revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.

　　(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　(C) By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

　　(E) David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.

　　(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

　　相對(duì)來(lái)講，確定句子中的主體概念一般是明確主語(yǔ)，(1)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是從句或是過(guò)長(zhǎng)短語(yǔ)的話即是明確從句或是短語(yǔ)中中心詞，(2)當(dāng)句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)且主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)即是表語(yǔ)，(3)當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)為代詞或出現(xiàn)特殊代詞(such，that等)時(shí)則說(shuō)明存在銜接，需留心。

　　確定特殊特殊細(xì)節(jié)包括：(1)大寫字母——人名、地名、專有名詞等(2)數(shù)字——時(shí)間、金錢等(3)特殊符號(hào)，如冒號(hào)，引號(hào)等。

　　通常選項(xiàng)較短的情況下確定選項(xiàng)的主體概念要更為容易，可以在選項(xiàng)中標(biāo)注出一部分主體概念再在整篇閱讀中帶著確定的概念在文章中確定主體概念。

　　通過(guò)如上分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，

　　(41)中備選項(xiàng)有A，C

　　(41)出現(xiàn)在段首，必然和后文主體概念對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)的主體概念應(yīng)為he(Williams)，因此A和C候選。

　　(42)中備選項(xiàng)有A，E

　　(42)較為困難，因?yàn)樵撐恢玫纳舷聝?nèi)容不明顯，上文的結(jié)尾出說(shuō)“the letter said that...”，因此下文內(nèi)容可能與信的內(nèi)容銜接，而信的內(nèi)容中主體概念仍為he；下文中出現(xiàn)“The Wall Street Journal reports that...”，銜接內(nèi)容也應(yīng)為報(bào)導(dǎo)內(nèi)容中的主體概念，而其中的主體概念為casino(賭場(chǎng))，而同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主體概念的只有A，因此正確選項(xiàng)確定為A。由此進(jìn)一步確定(41)的正確選項(xiàng)為C。

　　(43)中備選項(xiàng)僅有B，E

　　(43)較為困難在于其上下內(nèi)容同樣缺乏明確主體概念，不過(guò)鑒于已經(jīng)在之前確定的和在下面排除的選項(xiàng)，備選項(xiàng)只有B和E，而E的第二句“But don't bet on it.”和下文無(wú)法銜接，而B(niǎo)中的主體概念“l(fā)ure”和“will”均出現(xiàn)在上文的特殊細(xì)節(jié)中，詞匯的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)說(shuō)明B為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　(44)中備選項(xiàng)僅有F

　　(44)出現(xiàn)在該段首，因此要與后文構(gòu)成銜接必然在主體概念上對(duì)應(yīng)，而后句的主體概念為society(社會(huì))，符合的選項(xiàng)僅有F。

　　(45)中備選項(xiàng)有D，G

　　最后一段首句的主體概念是states(州)，而在選項(xiàng)中能與states對(duì)應(yīng)的概念只有g(shù)overnment，因此D，G選項(xiàng)為備選，而G選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了online gambling(在線賭博)，而該概念僅在最后一段中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，并且不是中心概念，僅是句中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，不構(gòu)成語(yǔ)篇銜接，因此正確選項(xiàng)為D。

　　因此正確的答案順序?yàn)椋篊 A B F D

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