2019考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法解析:語(yǔ)法一致原則
2019考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法解析:邏輯意義一致原則
語(yǔ)法一致原則是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上一致,即通常情況下,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定, 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。具體內(nèi)容請(qǐng)看下文。
1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意:由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意:(1)若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4. either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意:(1)在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.
5. 在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意:a number of“許多”,作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“……的數(shù)量”,主語(yǔ)是number,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
8. 在倒裝句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如:There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
如果同學(xué)們想了解歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線的變化,可參考《歷年十三大考研門類國(guó)家線數(shù)據(jù)圖解》,
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