［中科院植物研究所］06年外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)考試科目及參考書_跨考網(wǎng)
1.政治理論（100分）
?。ㄈ珖T士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試）
2.第二外國語（100分）
1）日語：《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日本語》（中級上、下冊）人民教育出版社
2）德語：《德語速成》外語教學(xué)與研究出版社；《德語－300小時》外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
3）俄語：《大學(xué)俄語基礎(chǔ)教程》（1－4冊）高教社出版或其他相應(yīng)水平的公外教材
4）法語：《簡明法語教程》（上、下冊）孫輝編商務(wù)印書館
3.基礎(chǔ)英語（150分）
第一部分 詞匯（30分）
第二部分 結(jié)構(gòu)（20分）
第三部分 閱讀（45分）
第四部分 翻譯（25分）
第五部分 寫作（30分）
4.語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（150分）
1）文學(xué)（40分）：
《美國文學(xué)史及選讀》（第一、二冊）吳偉仁外語教學(xué)與研究出版社；
《英國文學(xué)史及選讀》（第一、二冊）吳偉仁外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。
2）英美概況（30分）：
《新編英美概況教程》周叔麟北京大學(xué)出版社。
3）語言學(xué)（80分）：
《語言研究》（The Study of Language）George Yule外語教學(xué)與研究出版社；
《語言學(xué)入門》（An Introduction to Linguistics）Stuart C. Poole外語教學(xué)與研究出版社；
《現(xiàn)代漢語》（修訂三版上、下冊）黃伯榮廖序東高等教育出版社1980.
“基礎(chǔ)英語”考試的結(jié)構(gòu)及題型
第一部分 詞匯（30分）
A.近義詞配對（15分）
例：Group One
1. tyranny A. cruelty
2. spouse B. mate
3. puppet C. doll
D. boss
E. mummy
B.多項選擇填空（15分）
例：The savings on staff wages are ________ by the increased maintenance costs.
A. offset B. compensated C. curtailed D. exceeded
第二部分 結(jié)構(gòu)（20分）
找錯并改錯
例：Few inventors have to their credit as much useful inventions as Thomas Alva Edison.
A B C D
第三部分 閱讀（45分）
A.把所給句子還原到所給文章的適當(dāng)位置，使文章語義連貫。（30分）
例：
TEXT 1
I began working in journalism when I was eight years old. It was my mother‘s idea. She wanted me to “make something” of myself and， after a levelheaded appraisal of my strengths， decided I had better start young if I was to have any chance of keeping up with the competition.
61）_____ My idea of a perfect afternoon was lying in front of the radio rereading my favorite Big Little Book， Dick Tracy Meets Stooge Viller. My mother despised inactivity. Seeing me having a goodtime in repose， she was powerless to hide her disgust. “you‘ve got no more gumption than a bump on a log，” she said. “Get out in the kitchen and help Doris do those dirty dishes.”
62）_____ She positively enjoyed washing dishes， making beds， and cleaning the house. When she was only seven she could carry a piece of short-weighted cheese back to the A&P， threaten the manager with legal action， and come back triumphantly with the full quarter-pound we‘d paid for and a few ounces extra thrown in for forgiveness. 63）_____ Because of this defect， however， the best she could hope for was a career as a nurse or schoolteacher， the only work that capable females were considered up to in those days.
64）_____ If disappointed， though， she wasted no energy on self-pity. She would make me make something of myself whether I wanted to or not. “The Lord helps those who help themselves，” she said. That was the way her mind worked.
65）_____ Having sized up the material that Lord had given her to mold， she didn‘t overestimate what she could do with it. She didn’t insist that I grow up to be President of the United States.
A. She was realistic about the difficulty.
B. My sister Doris， though two years younger than I， had enough gumption for a dozen people.
C. The flaw in my character which she had already spotted was lack of “gumption.”
D. Doris could have made something of herself if she hadn‘t been a girl.
E. This must have saddened my mother， this twist of fate that had allocated all the gumption to the daughter and left her with a son who was content with Dick Tracy and Stooge Viller.
B.寫出下列語段的概要。（15分）
例：
TEXT 1
In developing a model of cognition， we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition， tension will， even in the mature adult， militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.
Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may， however， refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals， despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.
In the primitive being， goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it； its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant‘s frustration； rather， it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant’s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact， if he holds a toy and another is presented， he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often， once he has the one desired in his hands， he loses attention and turns to something else.
The impact of the socialization process， particularly that parental and social group ideology， may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension this produced， as for instance the stress of fear， anger， or extreme emotion， will often be the overriding influence.
Summary：
The passage expresses the process of development of cognition and shows the effects of society on learning may be to deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideology.（31）
第四部分 翻譯（25分）
A.英譯漢（10分）
B.漢譯英（15分）
第五部分寫作（30分）
根據(jù)所給題目寫一篇不少于500詞的作文。
“語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)基礎(chǔ)”考試的結(jié)構(gòu)和題型
一、文學(xué)部分（40分）
A.多項選擇填空（10分）
例：Paradise Lost by __________ presents its basic idea as a passionate appeal for freedom.
[A] John Bunyan [B] John Milton
[C] Thomas More [D] Edmund Spenser
B.解釋下列文學(xué)事件及其代表人物和作品（20分）
例：The Lost Generation
C.閱讀下列節(jié)選并回答問題（10分）
（略）
二、英美概況部分（30分）
A.解釋下列術(shù)語或事件（10分）
例：American Revolution
B.指出下列描述正確與否（10分）
例：Franklin Roosevelt was elected for two terms. （True or False）
C.回答下列問題（10分）
例：Comment on the cause of 9/11 event in the US.
三、語言學(xué)部分（80分）
A.填空（20分）
例：The minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function is ________.
B.簡答下列問題（20分）
例：Use examples to illustrate the difference between content words and function words.
C.漢語知識（15分）
（略）
D.回答下列問題（25分）
例：What is your opinion about the relationship between language and culture？
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