考研英語(yǔ)：歷年真題閱讀要點(diǎn)之1993-Text 3

　　A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (壟斷) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.

　　granted patent“授權(quán)專利”;bargain“交易，契約”;monopoly動(dòng)詞形式monopolize;terminate“結(jié)束，終止”。

　　Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.

　　only+狀語(yǔ)位于句首，句子部分倒裝，同時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)的be，所以部分倒裝轉(zhuǎn)化為全部倒裝。正常語(yǔ)序The lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events only in the most exceptional circumstances. extended to“延伸至”，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)。

　　..., the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas... Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, ... Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.

　　be attached to“附屬于”;literally“不夸張地”，針對(duì)副詞，其實(shí)不認(rèn)識(shí)也無(wú)所謂，幾乎沒(méi)什么影響。第二句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)patent experts advise anyone... that...;plagiarize“剽竊，抄襲”。likewise“同樣地”，說(shuō)明兩句說(shuō)的是類似的內(nèi)容;invalidate“使無(wú)效”。be based on“依據(jù)，以...為基礎(chǔ)”;presumption“推測(cè)，假設(shè)”，動(dòng)詞presume;legal“法律的，合法的”，反義詞illegal“非法的，違法的”;security“安全，保證”，反義詞insecurity，動(dòng)詞和形容詞形式secure;legal security“法律保障”。

　　Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.

　　involved in過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)，“涉及，參與”;as old as the hills“極古老，陳年老舊的”。第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is... that...;reduction to commercial practice“簡(jiǎn)化成商業(yè)實(shí)踐”;dedication“奉獻(xiàn)”;availability“可用性”。magnetic recording“磁錄音”;date back to“追溯到”。original“最初的”，動(dòng)詞originate，短語(yǔ)originate from“起源于”;rear“后方的”;anticipate“預(yù)測(cè)”。