2014考研英語(yǔ):新題型全面解讀(二)

　　對(duì)于新題型的復(fù)習(xí)方法，專家們已經(jīng)總結(jié)出許多建議了，無(wú)論是整體上，還是針對(duì)各個(gè)類型題的。下面，小編和大家一起把新題型進(jìn)行一個(gè)整體的梳理，讓考生們對(duì)新題型有個(gè)更全面的了解，備考起來(lái)更有方向?！　?/p>

　　七、八大必備解題技巧

　　填空式閱讀的五道題目中，一般有兩道題考查連貫性，這種題對(duì)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)要求不高，只要熟悉英語(yǔ)中實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)篇連貫的顯性連接標(biāo)志，就可以迅速定位。排序題也有些做題規(guī)律技巧。所以，語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué)，掌握一些必備的做題技巧，對(duì)于考試而言，還是非常關(guān)鍵的。最常見(jiàn)的做題技巧有八種：

　　1、“親近原則”。瞻前顧后，在文章空白處的上下文中尋找解題的線索，可根據(jù)大家非常熟悉的做完形填空的方法，有些題可以直接根據(jù)親近原則找到答案，非常迅速快捷，準(zhǔn)確性也高。

　　2、“數(shù)字時(shí)間和首字母大寫原則”。出現(xiàn)數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等詞語(yǔ)以及首字母大寫(包括人名、地點(diǎn)、組織等)的單詞時(shí)，大家要把它們劃出來(lái)，要注意文章中的數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代、首字母大寫的詞匯和選項(xiàng)中的數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代、首字母大寫詞匯要保持上下文一致;尤其是數(shù)字(包括具體數(shù)字以及和數(shù)字相關(guān)的詞匯諸如ratio，rate等等)，我們要列出數(shù)字，除了和其它數(shù)字進(jìn)行對(duì)比和比較之外，還可以用數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。大家可根據(jù)推導(dǎo)數(shù)字時(shí)間就能夠把答案簡(jiǎn)單選出。

　　3、“代詞和邏輯連詞原則”。指示代詞，因?yàn)槭侵复懊娴膬?nèi)容，所以一般不能作為段落的開(kāi)頭，它是選項(xiàng)和原文實(shí)現(xiàn)銜接關(guān)系的必備詞。代詞，主要考察指代關(guān)系。線索詞包括人稱代詞，特別是第三人稱代詞(it，its，he，his，him，she，her，they，their，需要注意的是，it本身可以指代天氣、時(shí)間并且可以做形式主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)，不作為詞匯線索)、指示代詞(this，that，these，those，注意this和 that都可以指代一個(gè)句子)以及both、all、each、either、neither等詞匯。并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、因果關(guān)系為考試中出現(xiàn)的最多的邏輯關(guān)系。所以大家要對(duì)這些上下文關(guān)系詞保持敏感。也要求大家對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的和空前、空后的代詞保持極其敏感，它是使全文保持一致的關(guān)鍵。

　　4、“選項(xiàng)類似排除原則”。如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)非常的相似，那么肯定有一個(gè)是正確答案，有一個(gè)是不正確答案，大家的選擇范圍就縮短了，正確率就隨之提高了。

　　5、“詞匯重現(xiàn)原則”。包括簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)即原詞重復(fù)和高雅的重復(fù)(elegant repetition)即使用同義詞或者上下義詞(范疇的擴(kuò)大或者縮小)等。如果一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的單詞與文章中的核心詞匯重現(xiàn)比較多或意思相近的詞匯比較多，那么這個(gè)選項(xiàng)就成為優(yōu)先選項(xiàng)，往往就是正確答案。

　　6、“無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)排除原則”。做7選5填空的時(shí)候，如果有文章沒(méi)有涉及到的話題，建議大家最好使用排除原則，先不要選，放到一邊，這樣就可以由易到難地去解題。5選5排序題只需要做對(duì)四個(gè)就可以了，最后一個(gè)答案不用做就水到渠成;

　　7、結(jié)構(gòu)并列和對(duì)比對(duì)稱原則。如選項(xiàng)與原文的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致，比如出現(xiàn)排比，對(duì)稱等關(guān)系，或多處位置結(jié)構(gòu)都很相近，此選項(xiàng)是優(yōu)先選項(xiàng)。我們也要注意積累一些比較類詞匯：如 same，identical，as，equal，such，similar，different，other，otherwise，else等等。要對(duì)這些詞匯特別熟悉。如2006年考研英語(yǔ)第42題，選項(xiàng)中的such evidence就是做題關(guān)鍵。

　　8、排序題下下策原則。什么叫下下策，就是這個(gè)方法只建議大家在時(shí)間不夠或自己根本就看不懂文章不知道如何解答的情況下使用，我們蒙也要蒙的科學(xué)，蒙的準(zhǔn)確率要高。因?yàn)榕判蝾}是5選5，所以如果五道題目全部選擇同一個(gè)答案的話，那么你至少可以做對(duì)一道，獲得2分。當(dāng)然，以此類推，當(dāng)考生在5個(gè)題目中只有1個(gè)或2個(gè)或3個(gè)確定的情況下，就把剩余的所有題目均選同一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，這樣至少可以選對(duì)一道題。否則極有可能剩余的題目全部猜錯(cuò)，考研的每一分都相當(dāng)寶貴，不要浪費(fèi)。當(dāng)大家遇到前面的題目不會(huì)做的情況，建議大家可以先跳過(guò)，接著做后面的題目，不用按照題目的順序答題。

　　下面有一篇大綱樣題，比較典型。大家可以運(yùn)用上面的注意事項(xiàng)以及講解的解題方法技巧實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練一下：

　　Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41).Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.

　　42).Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.

　　43).There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.

　　44). Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.

　　45).About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.>>>2014考研全程輔導(dǎo)